** ALERT: NOW READ THIS: ** This is a simple text file. It is NOT a web page. THIS FILE SHOULD **NOT** BE VIEWED ON A CELL PHONE. VIEW ONLY ON A COMPUTER MONITOR OR WITH A TABLET DEVICE. STATS: THIS FILE [Troy_vs_Avoir.txt] WAS DOWNLOADED: 2 TIMES IN AUGUST 2021] DISCLAIMER: ** Please read carefully the Disclaimer at the bottom of this file. LAST UPDATE: 20230416 20230117 20220113 20211029 20210912 20210805 20210603 20210224 20201202 20201119 20201103 20201031 20190811 Local Path: "C:\DAN\Budget\Fidelity\Retirement\On_Line\Troy_vs_Avoir.txt" Web Path: https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/Troy_vs_Avoir.txt Incept Date: December 2013 Historically a "grain" was a measure of physical weight based on a grain of wheat: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_(unit). One "grain" is the same mass (weight) in either avoirdupois (av) or troy (tr). Troy is primarily used today in the precious metals industry 1 oz av = 437.5 grains * 16 oz av = 7000 grains = 1 pound avoirdupois 1 oz troy = 480.0 grains * 12 oz tr = 5760 grains = 1 pound troy 1 troy oz is a little over 10% heaver (by 42.5 grains) than one avoirdupois ounce. One "ounce" of gold in troy is therefore heavier (more mass) than one "ounce" of lead in av. Gold is measured and sold in troy ounces. One troy ounce equals 31.1035 grams or 480 grains, slightly more mass than an avoirdupois ounce, which is 28.34952 grams or 437.5 grains. The basic unit of weight in the British system is the grain - based on the weight of a grain of barley (but note that money was based on the grain of wheat - and that three grains of barley weigh the same as four of wheat). This "wheat grain" is the troy grain - there is no other weight of the same name. The weight of one grain is constant throughout the many different systems of British weights. As you will see below, the ounce and pound are anything but constant. The avoirdupois pound is the pound in general use today. As its name implies, it was intended to be used for weighing heavy goods. This pound is of 7000 grains, and is split into 16 ounces (each, therefore of 437.5 grains). Each ounce is divided into 16 drams (which my calculator makes of 27.34375 grains each - much more fun than metric isn't it?). The Troy pound was of 5760 grains, and was divided into 12 ounces, so a troy pound is lighter than an avoirdupois pound, but a troy ounce (at 480 grains) weighs more than an avoirdupois ounce. The troy pound was declared illegal in 1878, but the troy ounce continues in use today for weighing gold. The troy ounce is split into 480 grains, and you will see 1/2 ounce weights marked both '240 grains' and '0.5oz'. However, the apothecaries system also has an ounce weighing 480 grains, being divided into 8 drams (sometimes spelled drachms) of 60 grains, each dram being split into 3 scruples, of 20 grains. To make things more fun, a 2 dram weight would be marked '3ij' - I think that '3' means 'scruples' (there being 3 to the dram), and the 'ij' being an old-fashioned way of quoting the Roman numeral 'ii'. It doesn't end there - there are 20 penny-weights to the troy ounce, so the 1/2 ounce weight mentioned above could also be marked as '3iv' or '10dwt'. A good real-life example of Troy weight compared to Avoirdupois, and metric measurements to inches, is to be found at this Kitco link where they offer: "1 Kilo Gold Bar - Engelhard (Vintage)." Here's the URL: https://online.kitco.com/buy/20141E/1-kilo-Gold-Bar-999-Engelhard-20141E Price = $60,606.86 USD (as of 20211029) Weight = 1 kilogram = 32.15 Troy Ounces = 35.27 Avoirdupois Ounces Length = 114 millimeters (mm) = 4.49 inches Width = 54 mm = 2.16 inches Thickness = 10 mm = 0.39 inches The above conversions were made with the help of an excellent FREE program I have used hundreds of time over the last 15 years. It runs on all operating systems, is nag-free with no ads and sells nothing. I highly recommend it: https://joshmadison.com/convert-for-windows/ 20220116: These Two One Ounce Rounds Do NOT Weigh The Same! Here's Why https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xu89KEuENg0 20230113: FRI: DJIA:(+$112.64) S&P500:(+$15.92) Nasdaq:(+$78.05) VIX=18.35 FRI: DJIA=34302.61 GOLD=1920.60 SILVER=24.27 VIX=18.35 USD=1.02204 IRBT=47.98 BTC=20270.93 ETH=1462.04 ADA=0.35 HIVE=3.13 CB_WAL=115.78 TSM=86.80 RUM=9.33 20211022: FRI CLOSE: DJIA:(+$73.94) S&P500:(-$4.88) Nasdaq:(-$125.50) FRI: DJIA=35677.02 GOLD=1792.00 SILVER=24.30 VIX=15.43 USD=0.93642 BTC=61478.15 ETH=4084.44 ADA=2.16 HIVE=3.56 20210528: FRI CLOSE: DJIA: (+$64.81) S&P500:(+$3.23) Nasdaq: (+$12.46) DJIA=34529.45 GOLD=1903.50 SILVER=$28.13 VIX=16.76 USD=0.90056 20201231: THU CLOSE: DJIA: (+$196.92) S&P500:(+$24.03) Nasdaq: (+$18.28) DJIA=30606.48 GOLD=1898.00 VIX=22.75 USD=0.89919 20201127: FRI CLOSE: DJIA: (+$37.90) S&P500:(+$8.70) Nasdaq: (+$111.34) FRI: DJIA=29910.37 GOLD=1787.70 VIX=20.84 USD=0.9179 ============================================================================= ============[ OTHER ON-LINE RESOURCES (frequently updated) ]================ ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE (AGI) https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/_AGI_fyi.txt RED ALERTS https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/_RED_ALERTS.txt MY OWN INVESTMENT PHILOSOPHY. https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/XFER_20210528_fyi.txt UNDERSTAND WHAT "EBITDA" AND DOZENS OF OTHER INVESTMENT TERMS MEAN: https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/Acronyms.txt INTRODUCTION TO VIRTUAL [DIGITAL] "MONEY": https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/BITBlockCOINChain_fyi.txt WHERE I [DRM] GO TO BUY & SELL STOCKS & MUTUAL FUNDS AND WHY:: https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/Fidelity_Stock_fyi.txt PHYSICAL METALLIC GOLD vs PAPER US DOLLAR (Fiat Treasury Note) https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/DollahVsGold.txt LEARN ABOUT THE MOST PRECIOUS GOLD COIN IN THE USA: https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/Gold_Eagle_fyi.txt THE REASONS GOLD PRICES NEVER REALLY GO UP OR DOWN: https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/gold.txt WHERE I GO TO BUY PHYSICAL GOLD: https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/Kitco_Gold_fyi.txt WHY AN OUNCE OF GOLD WEIGHS MORE THAN AN OUNCE OF LEAD: https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/Troy_vs_Avoir.txt FYI ON VIX; A GOOD SHORT-TERM INDICATOR OF STOCK MARKET PRICES: https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/VIX_fyi.txt https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/VIX_fyi.jpg https://www.dansher.com/USD_fyi/VIX_fyi_20190117.pdf ELECTION FRAUD, CUTTING THE CABLE, AND NON-MAINSTREAM NEWS SOURCES https://www.dansher.com/MAGA/Q_Links_fyi.txt ============================================================================= DISCLAIMER: ** Through the Grace of Almighty God and Trump administration policies, I have been able to make mostly good financial decisions that have mostly paid off well. 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